How does this technology work and what is the specific potential of blockchain for logistics?
Blockchain technology has become known to more people than just IT insiders as a tool for financial transactions that can be processed without access to the established banking system.
At the latest with the introduction of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin, which is based on blockchain technology, blockchain has emerged from its niche, but what does it mean?
The fundamental idea behind blockchain is to store transactions and data on decentralized computer networks in a transparent and tamper-proof manner for all participants. However, widespread adoption still faces obstacles, many of which are related to trust in the integrity of the data stored on the chain.
One of blockchain's main strengths is its immutable and transparent nature. Each transaction is recorded in a block and is visible to all network participants, creating a system where trust is based on mathematical verification rather than centralized intermediaries.
Therefore, it's not possible to alter entries in a blockchain database. The blockchain is only updated by appending it. Each dataset constitutes an individual block, generated according to a predefined procedure, and securely attached to an existing chain of data blocks: hence the name blockchain.
The links between individual data blocks are called hashes. Each block has a cryptographic seal, the so-called hash value. A new block takes the hash value of the previous one and is assigned a new one. Throughout the process, the entire chain is continuously monitored: whenever a participant enters new data, it is transmitted to the entire network in encrypted form, preventing information manipulation. As a result, a blockchain is not only transparent but practically tamper-proof.
Blockchain Technology
Achieving excellence in logistics requires collaboration among many partners who continually optimize the flow of physical goods and the complex flow of information and financial transactions. Therefore, it's quite apparent that blockchain technology's potential can be fully utilized in managing logistical supply chains.
Through smart contracts, predefined rules and conditions can be programmed into the blockchain, automating processes such as payments, customs clearance, and compliance checks. This not only streamlines operations but also minimizes the risk of human error and fraud.
By assigning unique digital identifiers to each product and recording relevant information such as origin, batch number, and quality certifications on the blockchain, stakeholders can easily verify the authenticity and integrity of products at each stage of the supply chain. Information about the status or location of goods is available in real time, and all relevant shipping documents and data can be accessed anytime.
In the supply chain, every transaction can be secured via blockchain. For example, if a good truly originates from a specific area, it can be traced step by step through the blockchain to its initial entry. Once entered as a block in the chain, a transaction cannot be altered; everyone can rely on this.
Furthermore, payment transactions can also be efficiently processed through blockchain. When necessary conditions are met, financial transactions are automatically initiated. Blockchain can also support process automation in other areas, such as warehouse technology and load planning, through enhanced data security. More automation means more efficiency.
Use cases
Blockchains for international container logistics to automate global trade through data transparency and security. Transcontinental transport by ship requires numerous steps and coordination. Reliable documentation in the blockchain simplifies the process.
Blockchains for digital and automated customs clearance. All information is always available to all parties involved (consignor, consignee, logistics service provider, customs authorities) and is updated in real time.
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